Height in Visual Field objects that are located closer to the horizon are perceived as being more distant than objects located further from the horizon. ![]() objects being perceived must be expected to be about the same size in real life. Relative Size the tendency to visually perceive the object that produces the largest image on the retina as being closer, and the object that produces the smallest image on the retina as being further away. Texture gradient the gradual reduction of detail that occurs in a surface as it recedes into the distance, compared with a surface that is close and perceived in fine detail. Interposition occurs when one object partially blocks or covers another, and the partially blocked object is perceived as further away than the object that obscures it (and vice versa). Linear Perspective the apparent convergence of parallel lines as they recede (‘go back’) into the distance. Linear Perspactive Interposition Texture Gradient Relative Size Pictorial Cues Artist use them to create depth and distance on 2D sufaces. and to elongate (flatten) when looking at objects that are further away. The flexibility of the lens enables it to bulge to fit (‘accommodate’) close objects on the retina Monocular cues can play an important role in the detection of depth in the world around us. Accomodation Accommodation involves the automatic adjustment of the shape of the lens to focus an object in response to changes in how far away the object is. Tasks with many disparity cues showed the greatest binocular advantage. Significant binocular advantages ranging from 29.5 (pointers in straws) to 3.7 (reading speed) were measured. Images are compared in the brain and any difference give information about distance. Functional advantages of binocularity were investigated by having 13 subjects perform a group of occupational-type tasks under monocular and binocular conditions. The difference in image decreases as the object gets further away. Retinal Disparity Our eyes are about 6-7 cm apart so each retina receives a slightly different image. Convergence Inward turning of the eyes to focus an image on the retina The brain interprets greater tension in the eye muscles as an object gets closer and less tension as an object gets further away. Monocular – requires the use of only one eye to perceive depth, but also operates with both eyes Used for pictorial cues and over longer distances Some monocular cues are primary some are secondary Used for close objects and used greatly to focus one these things Both binocular cues are primary internal cues ![]() Binocular – requires the use of both eye to distinguish depth. Provide the information that lets us translate 2D information into 3D Depth cues are sources of information from within our body (internal or primary depth cues) or from the environment (external secondary depth cues) that help us to perceive how far away objects are and therefore to perceive depth. Depth perception refers to our ability to judge distances If we did not have depth perception what problems would we have? How do we see the world in 3D when the image displayed on our retina is 2D?
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